Bubble Injection Under Breaking Waves
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Bubble Injection Under Breaking Waves
Wave energy dissipation due to bubble penetration and inferred turbulent penetration from breaking waves in the surf zone is related to the total energy of dissipation. Bubble injection is inferred from void fraction measurements obtained using a 2.3 meter vertical array of eight conductivity sensors extending from the bottom through the water surface. Potential energy and dissipation associated with bubble injection are calculated and compared with total wave dissipation. Total wave dissipation is calculated from the energy flux balance measured using an array of seven pressure sensors in the surf zone. Percent of total wave potential energy of the bubbles due to spilling breakers is on the order of 0.18% to 0.62%, consistent with past measurements in the surf zone. Percent of the bubble potential energy dissipation rates to total wave dissipation in the cross shore direction is on the order of 8% to 20%. The potential energy dissipation is largest immediately after injection, decaying exponentially after that. Bubble potential energy dissipation results within 1.2 seconds even for void fraction events greater than 36% and usually in less than 1.0 seconds. Energy dissipation was found linearly related (0.95 correlation coefficient) with the ratios of wave height to water depth, a measure of the percent of breaking waves within the surf zone.
Breaking and Dissipation of Ocean Surface Waves
Author: Alexander Babanin
language: en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date: 2011-05-19
Wave breaking represents one of the most interesting and challenging problems for fluid mechanics and physical oceanography. Over the last fifteen years our understanding has undergone a dramatic leap forward, and wave breaking has emerged as a process whose physics is clarified and quantified. Ocean wave breaking plays the primary role in the air-sea exchange of momentum, mass and heat, and it is of significant importance for ocean remote sensing, coastal and ocean engineering, navigation and other practical applications. This book outlines the state of the art in our understanding of wave breaking and presents the main outstanding problems. It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in this topic, including researchers, modellers, forecasters, engineers and graduate students in physical oceanography, meteorology and ocean engineering.
Sea Surface Sound
Author: B.R. Kerman
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-12-06
In its relentless pursuit of further knowledge, science tends to compartmentalize. Over the years the pursuit of What might be called geophysical acoustics of the sea-surface has languished. This has occured even through there are well-developed and active research programs in underwater acoustics, ocean hydrodynamics, cloud and precipitation physics, and ice mechanics - to name a few - as well as a history of engineering expertise built on these scientific fields. It remained to create a convergence, a dialogue across disciplines, of mutual benefit. The central theme of the Lerici workshop, perhaps overly simplified, was 'What are the mechanisms causing ambient noise at the upper surface of the ocean?' What could hydrodynamicists contribute to a better understanding of breaking wave dynamics, bubble production, ocean wave dynamics, or near-surface turbulence for the benefit of the underwater acoustics community? What further insights could fluid dynamicists gain by including acoustic measurements in their repertoire of instrumentation? While every attendee will have his or her percep tions of details, it was universally agreed that a valuable step had been taken to bring together two mature disciplines and that significant co-operative studies would undoubtedly follow. The scope of the workshop was enlarged beyond its original intent to also include the question of ice-noise generation. The success of this decision can be seen in high quality of the presentations. the contribution of its disciples in the other workshop discussions and the heightened awareness and interest of we other novices.