Belgiques

The United States of Belgium

New and comprehensive insights into the seminal events that shaped Belgian identity In 1790, between the birth of America (1776) and the creation of the French National Assembly (1789), nine provinces nestled between the French and Dutch borders declared themselves a new free and independent country: the United States of Belgium. Before then, the provinces had been part of the vast Austrian Habsburg Empire ruled by Joseph II. In 1789 revolutionaries from Brussels to Ghent to Namur recruited a grass-roots army that, to the surprise of many, successfully chased imperial forces from the majority of the territories. The exhilaration of military triumph and political independence quickly faded as revolutionary factions fought each other and the European monarchies became more nervous in the face of French radicalization. Yet, the course of events had fostered the solidification of a new identity among the provinces’ inhabitants: Belgianness. This is the story of the emergence of Belgianness in the crucible of revolution. The United States of Belgium tells the story of the First Belgian Revolution before the creation of a language barrier between French and Dutch. It incorporates over 50 contemporary images of the revolutionary era.

A Catalogue of the Library of the London Institution: The tracts and pamphlets [A-Fyson

Women and Politics in the Age of the Democratic Revolution

Women and Politics in the Age of the Democratic Revolution is a groundbreaking collection that challenges traditional narratives of eighteenth-century political upheaval by centering the experience and agency of women across Europe and North America. Edited by Harriet B. Applewhite and Darline G. Levy, this volume gathers leading historians to explore how gender shaped and was shaped by the processes of revolution and democratization from the 1760s through the early nineteenth century.Bridging comparative and interdisciplinary scholarship, the collection examines the diverse ways that women engaged with, contributed to, and contested revolutionary politics in France, England, the Netherlands, Belgium, and the United States. Essays range from analyses of women’s participation in bread riots, neighborhood activism, and political clubs, to their presence in national insurrections and their influence as writers, petitioners, and public intellectuals. The contributors reveal the ways that women negotiated—and sometimes redefined—the boundaries of citizenship, civic virtue, and political rights during times of extraordinary change.The book also interrogates the limitations of the era’s revolutionary ideals, revealing how promises of liberty and equality were often circumscribed by gendered exclusions from formal political life. Yet, even as new constitutions, legislatures, and parties sidelined women as citizens, these essays show how women’s collective and individual actions laid groundwork for later struggles for suffrage, legal equality, and social reform.Richly documented and theoretically innovative, Women and Politics in the Age of the Democratic Revolution is essential reading for anyone interested in gender, democracy, and the ongoing project of political inclusion. It offers a nuanced portrait not just of women’s defeats and exclusions, but of the complex legacies of empowerment, mobilization, and the reimagining of citizenship that continue to shape modern political cultures.