Ater Spectrum
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Biological and Biomedical Infrared Spectroscopy
Although infrared spectroscopy has been applied with success to the study of important biological and biomedical processes for many years, key advances in this vibrant technique have led to its increasing use, ranging from characterization of individual macromolecules (DNA, RNA, lipids, proteins) to human tissues, cells and their components. Infrared spectroscopy thus has a significant role to play in the analysis of the vast number of genes and proteins being identified by the various genomic sequencing projects. Whilst this book gives an overview of the field, it highlights more recent developments, such as the use of bright synchrotron radiation for recording infrared spectra, the development of two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy and the ability to record infrared spectra at ultra fast speeds. The main focus is on the mid-infrared region, since the great majority of studies are carried out in this region, but there is increasing use of the near infrared for biomedical applications and a chapter is devoted to this part of the spectrum. Biological and Biomedical Infrared Spectroscopy is intended for use both by research scientists already active in the use of biological infrared spectroscopy and for those coming new to the technique. Graduate students will also find it useful as an introduction to the technique
The TMA Shallow-water Spectrum Description and Applications
Recent advances have been made in the specification of a shallow-water self-similar spectral form. This spectral form, referred to as the TMA spectrum, substitutes an expression for the shallow-water equilibrium range into the JONSWAP equation for spectral energy density. The JONSWAP parameters are empirically defined through examination of over 2,800 wind sea spectra obtained at various depths and locations. This spectral form is intended to describe single-peaked wind seas which have reached a growth equilibrium in finite depth water. The purposes of this report are to summarize the recent advances, to discuss the range of practical usage, and to provide engineering examples using these new formulations. (Author).