Arguments And Arguing
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Arguments and Arguing
The latest edition of Arguments and Arguing contains the same balance of theory and practice, breadth of coverage, current and relevant examples, and accessible writing style that made previous editions so popular in hundreds of classrooms. The authors draw from classic and recent argumentation theory and research, contextualized with well-chosen examples, to showcase a narrative style of argumentation and the values and attitudes of audiences. Readers learn how to employ both formal and informal argumentative strategies in an array of communication forums—from interpersonal interactions to academic debate to politics to business. A newly added chapter on visual argumentation and a striking color photo insert demonstrate the value and power of visual elements in the construction of arguments. The ability to argue is necessary if people are to solve problems, resolve conflicts, and evaluate alternative courses of action. While many are taught that arguing is counterproductive and arguments should be avoided, Hollihan and Baaske illustrate that arguing is an essential and fundamental human activity. Learning the art of effective argumentation entails a grasp of not only the strategies and principles of analysis and logical reasoning but also the importance of arguing in a positive and socially constructive fashion.
Arguments and Arguing
The primary focus of the updated, second edition has not changedit embraces the narrative or storytelling approach to the study of argumentation. The first section introduces readers to rhetorical theorists and their principles. These significant contributions to the field of argumentation and debate include Aristotles views on audiences and the ethical character of an advocate, Burkes dramatistic theory of communication, Brockriedes metaphorical image of arguers, Fishers narrative paradigm, Mills guidelines for testing the causal correlation, Perelman and Obrechts-Tytecas conception of a universal audience, Rokeachs definition of values, and Toulmins model for developing and analyzing argument claims and his conception of arguments as field dependent. Hollihan and Baaskes discussions of these ideas and their applications are easy to follow, unencumbered by technical jargon, and illustrated with engaging examples drawn from current and well-known historical events. The key to the success of this text is the authors ability to show readers how foundational principles of argumentation are used in a variety of real-world situations. The second section covers specialized contexts such as academic debates, courts of law, politics, business and organizations, and interpersonal relationships. Activities that stimulate critical thinking and the implementation of the ideas discussed are provided at the end of each chapter.
Arguing on the Toulmin Model
Author: David Hitchcock
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2007-01-24
Summarizing, in The Uses of Argument Toulmin emphasized a number of points that are by now familiar, but still deserve attention: 1. Reasoning and argument involve not only support for points of view, but also attack against them. 2. Reasoning can have qualified conclusions. 3. There are other good types of argument than those of standard formal logic. 4. Unstated assumptions linking premisses to a conclusion are better thought of as inference licenses than as implicit premisses. 5. Standards of reasoning can be field dependent, and can be themselves the subject of argumentation. Each of these points is illustrated by his layout of arguments. The rebuttal illustrates the first point, the qualifier the second point, and the warrant and backing the last three points. 2. RECEPTION OF TOULMIN’S BOOK As Toulmin himself notes in his essay in this volume, which was delivered as an address in 2005, his fellow philosophers we re initially hostile to the ideas in his book. They were taken up, however, by specialists in fields like jurisprudence and psychology, who found that they fit the form s of argument and reasoning that they were studying. And Toulmin’s model was embraced by the field of speech communication in the United States, whose textbooks on argumentation now include an obligatory chapter on the Toulmin model of micro arguments.