Advanced Backend Code Optimization
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Advanced Backend Code Optimization
This book is a summary of more than a decade of research in the area of backend optimization. It contains the latest fundamental research results in this field. While existing books are often more oriented toward Masters students, this book is aimed more towards professors and researchers as it contains more advanced subjects. It is unique in the sense that it contains information that has not previously been covered by other books in the field, with chapters on phase ordering in optimizing compilation; register saturation in instruction level parallelism; code size reduction for software pipelining; memory hierarchy effects and instruction level parallelism. Other chapters provide the latest research results in well-known topics such as register need, and software pipelining and periodic register allocation.
Advanced Memory Optimization Techniques for Low-Power Embedded Processors
Author: Manish Verma
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2007-06-20
In a relatively short span of time, computers have evolved from huge mainframes to small and elegant desktop computers, and now to low-power, ultra-portable handheld devices. Witheachpassinggeneration,computersconsistingofprocessors,memoriesandperipherals becamesmallerandfaster.Forexample,the?rstcommercialcomputerUNIVACIcosted $1 million dollars, occupied 943 cubic feet space and could perform 1,905 operations per second [94]. Now, a processor present in an electric shaver easily outperforms the early mainframe computers. The miniaturization is largely due to the efforts of engineers and scientists that made the expeditious progress in the microelectronic technologies possible. According to Moore’s Law [90], the advances in technology allow us to double the number of transistors on a single silicon chip every 18 months. This has lead to an exponential increase in the number of transistors on a chip, from 2,300 in an Intel 4004 to 42 millions in Intel Itanium processor [55]. Moore’s Law has withstood for 40 years and is predicted to remain valid for at least another decade [91]. Notonlytheminiaturizationanddramaticperformanceimprovementbutalsothesign- icantdropinthepriceofprocessors,hasleadtosituationwheretheyarebeingintegratedinto products, such as cars, televisions and phones which are not usually associated with c- puters.This new trend has also been called the disappearing computer, where the computer does not actually disappear but it is everywhere [85]. Digital devices containing processors now constitute a major part of our daily lives. Asmalllistofsuchdevicesincludesmicrowaveovens,televisionsets,mobilephones,digital cameras, MP3 players and cars. Whenever a system comprises of information processingdigitaldevicestocontrolortoaugmentitsfunctionality,suchasystemistermedanembedded system. Therefore, all the above listed devices can be also classi?ed as embedded systems.
Systemic Approach to Categorizing and Modeling Requirements
Current categorizations of software requirements are highly ambiguous and inconsistent, mainly due to the lack of a clear, common framework for defining software elements and relevant environmental factors. This book overhauls the traditional approach by proposing an innovative systemic method for categorizing and modeling software requirements. It introduces an unprecedented frame of reference, putting an end to divergent interpretations by precisely defining software elements and environmental factors. This framework forms an indispensable basis for all the other components of this approach: a redefinition of requirements, a hybrid categorization that combines several taxonomies and scales, a metadata model used to qualify requirements, and a multi-view model that represents all possible categories of requirements. By adopting this new approach, professionals will be able to improve the clarity, precision and relevance of their specifications, and thus optimize the success of their software projects.