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Special and Differential Treatment Reform in the WTO

This book proposes a new approach to differentiating between developing countries in the context of special and differential treatment (SDT) in the World Trade Organisation. Offering unique insights into SDT reform in the WTO, the book proposes the method of differentiated differentiation and demonstrates its operationalization using the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement. Through identifying key indicators to categorize constraints faced by developing countries, the book establishes objective criteria to depoliticize access to SDT. Promoting a case-by-case approach, the book also employs a statistics-based score procedure to determine a threshold for graduating countries out of SDT. Through flexible tracking and evidence-based arguments, the book provides a transitional method of reform which maintains full compliance with WTO members’ obligations. The book will be of importance to academics and students of international law, especially those with an interest in international trade law and the WTO, as well as legal professionals and policymakers.
Smallholder Agriculture and Market Participation

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language: en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date: 2018-08-09
Smallholder Agriculture and Market Participation discusses the evolution of policies for smallholder development, including the role of value chains, and the linkages that exist with the Sustainable Development Goals. New, innovative financial mechanisms and linked initiatives are outlined, and their potential to improve the availability of financial services and reduce market transaction costs. Risk management for agricultural smallholders is covered, together with the increasing role of insura nce as a mechanism for risk management among smallholders. Empirical data are used to illustrate the more conceptual work. The last part of the book provides case studies of selected commodity value chain investments involving smallholders in Africa (Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zimbabwe) and South America (Peru), implemented by FAO. The lessons concern project design and targeting, product and market analysis, regulatory issues, sustainability and improved natural resources management.
Global Initiatives and Higher Education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The Fourth industrial Revolution (4IR) is forcing higher education (HE) into a new era where it must either actively and positively contribute to innovation, sustainability, and development or become obsolete and redundant. HE must leave its ivory tower and forge links and partnerships with society, industry, and governing bodies by delivering graduates that are holistically educated and trained to bring positive innovation and change and to address the challenges that humanity is facing in the 21st century.