A Visualization Strategy For Analyzing High Volumes Of Space Time Activity Data
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A Visualization Strategy for Analyzing High Volumes of Space-time Activity Data
Abstract: In the four decades of work in time geography, research has shed light on a number of social science topics related to human activity. Access to critical resources or spaces, patterns of behavior, and migration are subject areas that have benefited greatly from the time geographic framework. Since the field's inception in Sweden in the 1960s, some of the largest developments have been operationalizing the concepts of time geography in computerized systems, and an increase in the availability of human activity data. With activity data easier to acquire, it is likely that it will be collected in ever larger samples. Future research will need to handle these higher data volumes, or risk being overcome by large, complicated data sets. The analysis techniques useful for analyzing the space-time activity of an individual, or a small set of individuals, may not be efficient for analyzing data sets of thousands of individuals. This study begins with a literature review that covers the fundamentals of time geography, reviews important applications of the time geographic framework, and surveys the visualization and analysis methods utilized in the prior work. Next, a method is developed that combines successful elements of prior work with the space-time aquarium with a 3D points cloud-based visualization technique that may be suitable for large data volumes. Finally, a prototype analysis environment is created, and its capabilities in detecting behavioral patterns among a large volume of activity diary data is determined.
Modelling Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Data: A Bayesian Approach
Modelling Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Data: A Bayesian Approach is aimed at statisticians and quantitative social, economic and public health students and researchers who work with spatial and spatial-temporal data. It assumes a grounding in statistical theory up to the standard linear regression model. The book compares both hierarchical and spatial econometric modelling, providing both a reference and a teaching text with exercises in each chapter. The book provides a fully Bayesian, self-contained, treatment of the underlying statistical theory, with chapters dedicated to substantive applications. The book includes WinBUGS code and R code and all datasets are available online. Part I covers fundamental issues arising when modelling spatial and spatial-temporal data. Part II focuses on modelling cross-sectional spatial data and begins by describing exploratory methods that help guide the modelling process. There are then two theoretical chapters on Bayesian models and a chapter of applications. Two chapters follow on spatial econometric modelling, one describing different models, the other substantive applications. Part III discusses modelling spatial-temporal data, first introducing models for time series data. Exploratory methods for detecting different types of space-time interaction are presented followed by two chapters on the theory of space-time separable (without space-time interaction) and inseparable (with space-time interaction) models. An applications chapter includes: the evaluation of a policy intervention; analysing the temporal dynamics of crime hotspots; chronic disease surveillance; and testing for evidence of spatial spillovers in the spread of an infectious disease. A final chapter suggests some future directions and challenges.
Quantitative Analysis and Modeling of Earth and Environmental Data
Quantitative Analysis and Modeling of Earth and Environmental Data: Space-Time and Spacetime Data Considerations introduces the notion of chronotopologic data analysis that offers a systematic, quantitative analysis of multi-sourced data and provides information about the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of natural attributes (physical, biological, health, social). It includes models and techniques for handling data that may vary by space and/or time, and aims to improve understanding of the physical laws of change underlying the available numerical datasets, while taking into consideration the in-situ uncertainties and relevant measurement errors (conceptual, technical, computational). It considers the synthesis of scientific theory-based methods (stochastic modeling, modern geostatistics) and data-driven techniques (machine learning, artificial neural networks) so that their individual strengths are combined by acting symbiotically and complementing each other. The notions and methods presented in Quantitative Analysis and Modeling of Earth and Environmental Data: Space-Time and Spacetime Data Considerations cover a wide range of data in various forms and sources, including hard measurements, soft observations, secondary information and auxiliary variables (ground-level measurements, satellite observations, scientific instruments and records, protocols and surveys, empirical models and charts). Including real-world practical applications as well as practice exercises, this book is a comprehensive step-by-step tutorial of theory-based and data-driven techniques that will help students and researchers master data analysis and modeling in earth and environmental sciences (including environmental health and human exposure applications). - Explores the analysis and processing of chronotopologic (i.e., space-time and spacetime) data that varies spatially and/or temporally, which is the case with the majority of data in scientific and engineering disciplines - Studies the synthesis of scientific theory and empirical evidence (in its various forms) that offers a mathematically rigorous and physically meaningful assessment of real-world phenomena - Covers a wide range of data describing a variety of attributes characterizing physical phenomena and systems including earth, ocean and atmospheric variables, environmental and ecological parameters, population health states, disease indicators, and social and economic characteristics - Includes case studies and practice exercises at the end of each chapter for both real-world applications and deeper understanding of the concepts presented