A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence Second Edition
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A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence, Second Edition
Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence
Author: Daniel J. Sorin
language: en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date: 2011
Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN – FMCAD 2024
Author: Nina Narodytska
language: en
Publisher: TU Wien Academic Press
Release Date: 2024-10-01
Die Proceedings zur Konferenz „Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design 2024“ geben aktuelle Einblicke in ein spannendes Forschungsfeld. Zum fünften Mal erscheinen die Beiträge der Konferenzreihe „Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design“ (FMCAD) als Konferenzband bei TU Wien Academic Press. Der aktuelle Band der seit 2006 jährlich veranstalteten Konferenzreihe präsentiert in 35 Beiträgen neueste wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse aus dem Bereich des computergestützten Entwerfens. Die Beiträge behandeln formale Aspekte des computergestützten Systemdesigns einschließlich Verifikation, Spezifikation, Synthese und Test. Die FMCAD-Konferenz findet im Oktober 2024 in Prag, Tschechische Republik, statt. Sie gilt als führendes Forum im Bereich des computer-aided design und bietet seit ihrer Gründung Forschenden sowohl aus dem akademischen als auch dem industriellen Umfeld die Möglichkeit, sich auszutauschen und zu vernetzen.