A Network Approach To The Design Of Multi Line 2n Port Directional Couplers
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A Network Approach to the Design of Multi-line 2n Port Directional Couplers
Four port directional couplers which utilize coupled transmission lines have been studied by various investigators. The possibility is investigated of generalizing the four port result to achieve a 2n-port directional coupler. The viewpoint is essentially different from that used by previous investigators in that a networks approach is used throughout. The transfer impedance matrix of n+1 coupled lines is derived. Then the concept of a scattering matrix normalized to complex port impedances is introduced and the transfer scattering matrix of the coupled line system is found. Due to certain convenient properties of the scattering formalism it is possible to simply demonstrate that any system of n+1 coupled transmission lines is a potential 2n-port directional coupler. Equations for the terminating impedances which make the coupled line system act as a directional coupler are derived. The sensitivity of the device to a small change in these terminations is investigated. Also, the results of tests made on an experimental 6-port directional coupler are presented. (Author).