5 Geographical Features
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Geographical Information Systems
Geographical information systems (GIS) are powerful tools for reporting on the environment, natural resources and social and economic development; modelling the environmental, biophysical, social and economic processes; assessing environmental and social impacts; evaluating environmental, social and economic policies and actions and dissimilating spatial information. Geographical Information Systems: A Practical Approach provides the fullest available introduction to GIS and their environmental, social and economic applications. This new edition has been substantially revised and updated to incorporate the key developments in GIS technology and spatial data science and their applications that have taken place in recent years. The key features include: A comprehensive coverage of concepts, methods, techniques and tools in GIS for spatial data capturing, processing, visualisation, analysis, modelling and decision-making Incorporation of advanced machine learning techniques for spatial data analysis and modelling Extended coverage of spatial visualisation with 3D mapping and online mapping Weaving together of GIS theory and practice to help readers learn important GIS concepts and methods and develop their understanding through practicals with ArcGIS Pro or QGIS New and updated case studies illustrating the innovative use of GIS for a wide range of applications The second edition of this text continues to bring up-to-date GIS knowledge, tools and practices into one cohesive, comprehensive, concise and self-contained book which is accessible to students, scientists and practitioners in environmental science, earth science, geography, archaeology and other scientific studies that have a spatial dimension.
Environment and Selection of Technology
This book makes an insightful investigation of historical agrotechnical geography in West China in the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of historical geography and the history of agricultural technology. This study first divides West China into four regions, i.e., the Loess Plateau, Northwest China except the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and Southwest China. Based on a systematic analysis of the geographical factors, such as heat, moisture, topography, soil, this study discusses the distribution and differentiation of the major technology types in these regions, ranging from the most primitive shifting cultivation and extensive cultivation to the most intensive cultivation, which are manifested in the crop structure and distribution, planting technology, water conservancy, tools, etc., as well as various combinations of these technologies. The diverse types and forms of technology and their specific combinations in different geographical spaces are mainly determined bythe diverse environmental conditions, which embodies the multi-factor correlation between technology mode and geographical environment and the internal unity of regional agricultural technology mode. In addition to the relationship between agricultural technology and geographical factors, it also takes social-economic, religious, and other cultural factors as important parameters, which were unique in West China, and significantly influence the trend of agrotechnological development. Through this study, it constructs the basic theoretical framework of historical agrotechnical geography and enlarges the scope of historical geography studies. And, since the author chose West China in the Qing Dynasty as the research subject, which was characterized by significant diversity and complexity in terms of natural geographical factors and socio-economic circumstances like religion and customs, this study provides a typical case for in-depth understanding of West China, so it is still of great academic value and important practical significance for the development of West China today.