What Is Sanctuary In Science
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Science and Environment in Chile
The politics of scientific advice across four environmental conflicts in Chile, when the state acted as a “neutral broker” rather than protecting the common good. In Science and Environment in Chile, Javiera Barandiarán examines the consequences for environmental governance when the state lacks the capacity to produce an authoritative body of knowledge. Focusing on the experience of Chile after it transitioned from dictatorship to democracy, she examines a series of environmental conflicts in which the state tried to act as a “neutral broker” rather than the protector of the common good. She argues that this shift in the role of the state—occurring in other countries as well—is driven in part by the political ideology of neoliberalism, which favors market mechanisms and private initiatives over the actions of state agencies. Chile has not invested in environmental science labs, state agencies with in-house capacities, or an ancillary network of trusted scientific advisers—despite the growing complexity of environmental problems and increasing popular demand for more active environmental stewardship. Unlike a high modernist “empire” state with the scientific and technical capacity to undertake large-scale projects, Chile's model has been that of an “umpire” state that purchases scientific advice from markets. After describing the evolution of Chilean regulatory and scientific institutions during the transition, Barandiarán describes four environmental crises that shook citizens' trust in government: the near-collapse of the farmed salmon industry when an epidemic killed millions of fish; pollution from a paper and pulp mill that killed off or forced out thousands of black-neck swans; a gold mine that threatened three glaciers; and five controversial mega-dams in Patagonia.
Citizen Science in Maritime Archaeology
Author: Jennifer E. Jones
language: en
Publisher: University Press of Florida
Release Date: 2025-09-09
Exploring the changing meanings and future development of public engagement in maritime heritage research Building on the practical case studies presented in Citizen Science in Maritime Archaeology: The Power of Public Engagement, this second volume delves into evolving definitions and applications of citizen science, offering fresh insights into community engagement, research ethics, and inclusivity. Through new case studies, Citizen Science in Maritime Archaeology: Terminology, Theory, and Infrastructure demonstrates what citizen science means for communities: it can foster a preservation ethic and enable community members to contribute to research that informs policy change on topics as diverse as climate change and maritime tourism. These chapters also address the theoretical underpinnings and inclusive potential of citizen participation and suggest public-focused research strategies for future projects. Each chapter’s thorough and actionable analysis of actual projects encourages readers to consider shortcomings in the ways citizen science is conducted and to reflect on how the practice can be adapted or updated within the field of maritime archaeology. This volume is a valuable resource for professionals, scholars, students, and volunteers interested in the transformative potential of citizen science. Contributors: Mark Stephens | Nicole Bucchino Grinnan | Massimiliano Secci | Jay V. Haigler | John L. Seidel | Steven Anthony | Chris Underwood | Makanani Bell | James Smailes | Alan Williams | Alexandra Tyas | Jennifer E. Jones | Anne E. Wright Nunn | Jeneva Wright | Hans Konrad Van Tilburg | Caitlin Zant | Della A. Scott-Ireton | Jennifer McKinnon | Ashley Lemke | MS Stephanie Gandulla | Jason T. Raupp
Environmental Science
Author: Dr. Raj Kumar Sharma
language: en
Publisher: K.K. Publications
Release Date: 2022-03-13
Environmental Science The world is very crowded, more polluted, ecologically fragile and vulnerable to disruption and imbalance. Serious stresses involving population, resources and environment are clearly visible ahead. Despite greater material output, the world's people will be poorer in many ways than they are today. Regional water shortages will become more severe in the future. Significant loss of world forests will continue over the next 20 years as demand for forest products and fuelwood increases. Deterioration of agricultural soils will occur worldwide, due to erosion, loss of organic matter, desertification, salinization and waterlogging. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone are depleting and this change may alter the world's climate and upper atmosphere significantly by 2050. Acid rain from the increased combustion of fossil fuels threatens and causes damage to lakes, soils and crops. Radioactive and other hazardous materials pose health and problems in most countries. Extinctions of plant and animal species will increase dramatically. More than 20 percent of all species on earth will be lost from their habitats and thus disappear, especially from tropical forests.