What Is Inference Reasoning


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Practical Inferences


Practical Inferences

Author: D S Clarke

language: en

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Release Date: 2022-11-30


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First published in 1985, Practical Inferences describes how practical inferences are used. Starting with relatively simple inference patterns exhibited in everyday prudential decisions, the author extends a basic structural framework to the more complex inferences used in assessing probabilities, and finally to moral inferences. In this way what have been regarded as disparate activities are shown to exhibit fundamental similarities. The author argues that at all levels of decision-making the practical inferences used contain at least one premise expressing the desires or preferences of the agent. This is in opposition to the dominant view in Western philosophy that desires must be regulated or evaluated by means of principles of conduct discovered by rational procedures. By examining the premises implied by holders of this view, the author shows that they are inadequate bases for justifying practical decisions. This book will be of interest to students of philosophy, logic and mathematics.

Argument, Inference and Dialectic


Argument, Inference and Dialectic

Author: R.C. Pinto

language: en

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Release Date: 2013-03-14


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Chapters 1-12 of this volume contain the papers on infonnal logic and argumentation that I've published and/or read at conferences over the last 17 years. These papers are reproduced here pretty much unchanged from their first appearance; it is my intention that their appearance here constitute a record of my positions and arguments at the time of their original publication or delivery. I've made minor changes in fonnat, in the style of references, etc., for the sake of consistency; I've also corrected typographical errors and the like. The only extensive changes in wording occur in the last few pages of Chapter 7, and were made only to enable the reader to see more clearly what I was getting at in my first attempt to write about the notion of coherence. Chapter 13 was written expressly for this volume. It looks retrospectively at the contents of the first 12 chapters and attempts to highlight the unifying themes that run through them. It also revisits the ideas about dialectic that occupied my first in light of later developments in my thinking but also re paper, reworking them emphasizing themes about which I've tended to remain silent in the last few years.

Peirce on Inference


Peirce on Inference

Author: Richard Kenneth Atkins

language: en

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Release Date: 2023


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Inference is at the core of all inquiry, whether philosophical or scientific. If we hope to ascertain what is true, we must follow sound procedures of inquiry. The American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), who was also a leading scientist of his age, spent his life reflecting on what these procedures are, whether they are valid, and how we can make our inferences stronger. Peirce on Inference presents a comprehensive account of Peirce's lifelong reflections on these topics, including how Peirce responds to various objections to the validity of inferences.