The Night Diary Age Rating
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Emotion and Aging: Recent Evidence from Brain and Behavior
Emotions play a central role in every human life, from the moment we are born until we die. They prepare the body for action, guide decisions, and highlight what should be noticed and remembered. Since emotions are central to daily functioning and well-being, it is important to understand the extent to which aging affects the perception of, attention to, memory for, as well as experience and regulation of emotions. An early scientific view of how people's emotions are affected by aging argued that aging led to a deterioration of emotional function. This theory, represented by for example Carl Jung (1875-1961), claimed that old age is a period of life when people feel an increased emotional sameness and less emotional energy. According to this scientific view, the aging emotional landscape was bleached, barren, and flattened. Current psychological research, however, shows that emotion is rather a psychological domain that is relatively unaffected by the aging process or even improves with age, in contrast to most cognitive functions. For example, even though there is evidence that aging is associated with deficits in emotion recognition, various emotional functions seem to remain intact or become better with age, such as the ability to regulate one’s emotions or the extent of experiencing positive emotions. However, more research is needed to determine brain and behavior related, quantitative and qualitative age-related changes of different aspects of emotion processing and emotional functioning. In the current Frontiers research topic we aim to present exciting new findings related to the effects of healthy aging on both more perceptually driven bottom-up as well as more cognitively driven top-down aspects of emotions. In particular, questions such as the following need to be raised and addressed: What neural and behavioral processes are underlying age differences in emotion perception and memory for emotional information? Are there differences between how older and younger adults experience and regulate their emotions, and what drives these differences? Is there a gradual reduction or more of a qualitative change of our emotional experiences over the life cycle, from the turbulent childhood and youth to the mellower old age? And what aspects of age-related changes in emotional processing can be explained by age-related changes in the brain, and which are more affected by other factors such as changes in other body systems, in experiential processes, or in overall life goals?
Choosing a Mattress: Using Actigraphy and Diary Reports to Identify a Mattress That Provides Best Sleep
We systematically assessed the effects of mattress firmness on sleep, pain, and daytime functioning, finding that mattress firmness has statistically significant effects on both sleep and daytime functioning and that individuals varied widely in the mattress that optimized their sleep. A convenience sample of 128 healthy adults living in the Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, area was recruited to assess the effects of mattress firmness on pain, duration of sleep, sleep quality, and next-day function in healthy sleepers. Our study used a Latin-square randomization design, and subjects slept in their homes on seven test mattresses for approximately 4 weeks per mattress. The firmness of these inner-spring mattresses is typical of mattresses sold in the US marketplace. Mattress firmness was found to significantly affect 9 out of 11 key actigraphic and diary-derived measures of sleep. Though pain was generally minimal for subjects, beds could be distinguished by different levels of morning pain. The “best” and “worst” mattresses were distributed relatively evenly across all mattresses studied.
Pain Assessment and Pharmacologic Management - E-Book
Author: Chris Pasero
language: en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date: 2010-10-04
Pain Assessment and Pharmacologic Management, by highly renowned authors Chris Pasero and Margo McCaffery, is destined to become the definitive resource in pain management in adults. It provides numerous reproducible tables, boxes, and figures that can be used in clinical practice, and emphasizes the benefits of a multimodal analgesic approach throughout. In addition, Patient Medication Information forms for the most commonly used medications in each analgesic group can be copied and given to patients. This title is an excellent resource for nurses to become certified in pain management. - Presents best practices and evidence-based guidelines for assessing and managing pain most effectively with the latest medications and drug regimens. - Features detailed, step-by-step guidance on effective pain assessment to help nurses appropriately evaluate pain for each patient during routine assessments. - Provides reproducible tables, boxes, and figures that can be used in clinical practice. - Contains Patient Medication Information forms for the most commonly used medications in each analgesic group, to be copied and given to patients. - Offers the authors' world-renowned expertise in five sections: - Underlying Mechanisms of Pain and the Pathophysiology of Neuropathic Pain includes figures that clearly illustrate nociception and classification of pain by inferred pathology. - Assessment includes tools to assess patients who can report their pain as well as those who are nonverbal, such as the cognitively impaired and critically ill patients. Several pain-rating scales are translated in over 20 languages. - Nonnopioids includes indications for using acetaminophen or NSAIDs, and the prevention and treatment of adverse effects. - Opioids includes guidelines for opioid drug selection and routes of administration, and the prevention and treatment of adverse effects. - Adjuvant Analgesics presents different types of adjuvant analgesics for a variety of pain types, including persistent (chronic) pain, acute pain, neuropathic pain, and bone pain. Prevention and treatment of adverse effects is also covered. - Includes helpful Appendices that provide website resources and suggestions for the use of opioid agreements and for incorporating pain documentation into the electronic medical record. - Covers patients from young adults to frail older adults. - Provides evidence-based, practical guidance on planning and implementing pain management in accordance with current TJC guidelines and best practices. - Includes illustrations to clarify concepts and processes such as the mechanisms of action for pain medications. - Features spiral binding to facilitate quick reference.