Sources M Thodes De L Hagiographie M Di Vale
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The Battle of Vouillé, 507 CE
Author: Ralph W. Mathisen
language: en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date: 2012-07-04
This volume highlights the heretofore largely neglected Battle of Vouillé in 507 CE, when the Frankish King Clovis defeated Alaric II, the King of the Visigoths. Clovis’ victory proved a crucial step in the expulsion of the Visigoths from Francia into Spain, thereby leaving Gaul largely to the Franks. It was arguably in the wake of Vouillé that Gaul became Francia, and that “France began.” The editors have united an international team of experts on Late Antiquity and the Merovingian Kingdoms to reexamine the battle from multiple as well as interdisciplinary perspectives. The contributions address questions of military strategy, geographical location, archaeological footprint, political background, religious propaganda, consequences (both in Francia and in Italy), and significance. There is a strong focus on the close reading of primary source-material, both textual and material, secular and theological.
The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition
Christopher Walter's study of the cult and iconography of Byzantine warrior saints - George, Demetrius, the two Theodores, and dozens more - is at once encyclopaedic and interpretative, and the first comprehensive study of the subject. The author delineates their origins and development as a distinctive category of saint, showing that in its definitive form this coincides with the apogee of the Byzantine empire in the 10th-11th centuries. He establishes a repertory, particularly of their commemorations in synaxaries and their representations in art, and describes their iconographical types and the functions ascribed to them once enrolled in the celestial army: support for the terrestrial army in its offensive campaigns, and a new protective role when the Byzantine Empire passed to the defensive. The survey highlights the lack of historicity among the Byzantines in their approach to the lives of these saints and their terrestrial careers. An epilogue briefly treats the analogous traditions in the cultures of neighbouring peoples. Walter draws attention to the development of an echelon of military saints, notably in church decoration, which provides the surest basis for defining their specificity; also to the way in which they were depicted, generally young, handsome and robust, and frequently 'twinned' in pairs, so calling attention to the importance of camaraderie among soldiers. At the same time, this work opens a new perspective on the military history of the Byzantine Empire. Its ideology of war consistently followed that of the Israelites; protected and favoured by divine intervention, there was no occasion to discuss the morality of a 'just war'. Consequently, when considering Byzantine methods of warfare, due attention should be given to the important role which they attributed to celestial help in their military campaigns.
Violence in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds
Being an integral element of how humans interact with one another, violence, however disruptive, often also manifests itself as an ordering force. In this collection of essays, the contributing authors explore this particular aspect of violence from a wide variety of perspectives, in a set of studies that focus on both the ancient and medieval worlds. Case-studies in the section on Antiquity include work on such issues as domestic violence; violence and myth; violence in Greek and Roman historiography, poetry, comedy and tragedy, and art; women and violence; violence and pollution; and various studies on classical Greek and Roman perceptions of violence. The medieval section continues with papers that look into the role of violence in the saints' lives and passions, violence in the love poems of the carmina burana, as well as several studies that center on actual cases of violence, such as violence and women in medieval Galicia and violence at Portuguese universities during the High Middle Ages. This book is essential reading for everyone interested in how and why violence came to be embedded in the cultural practices of classical Greece, ancient Rome, and medieval Europe.