Scaling Properties Of Fractional Momentum Loss Of High Math Msub Mi P Mi Mi T Mi Msub Math Hadrons In Nucleus Nucleus Collisions At Math Msqrt Msub Mi Mi Mrow Mi N Mi Mi N Mi Mrow Msub Msqrt Math From 62 4 Gev To 2 76 Tev
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Scaling Properties of Fractional Momentum Loss of High- [math][msub][mi]p[/mi][mi]T[/mi][/msub][/math] Hadrons in Nucleus-nucleus Collisions at [math][msqrt][msub][mi][/mi][mrow][mi]N[/mi][mi]N[/mi][/mrow][/msub][/msqrt][/math] from 62.4 GeV to 2.76 TeV.
![Scaling Properties of Fractional Momentum Loss of High- [math][msub][mi]p[/mi][mi]T[/mi][/msub][/math] Hadrons in Nucleus-nucleus Collisions at [math][msqrt][msub][mi][/mi][mrow][mi]N[/mi][mi]N[/mi][/mrow][/msub][/msqrt][/math] from 62.4 GeV to 2.76 TeV.](https://library.ardhindie.com/contents/assets/images/blank.png){kind=small}
We present measurements of the fractional momentum loss (Sloss = delta pT / pT) of high-transverse-momentum-identified hadrons in heavy-ion collisions. Using pi0 in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at √sNN = 62.4 and 200 GeV measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and and charged hadrons in Pb + Pb collisions measured by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, we studied the scaling properties of Sloss as a function of a number of variables: the number of participants, Npart, the number of quark participants, Nqp, the charged-particle density, dNch/d[eta], and the Bjorken energy density times the equilibration time, epsilonBj[tau]0. We also find that the pT, where Sloss has its maximum, varies both with centrality and collision energy. Above the maximum, Sloss tends to follow a power-law function with all four scaling variables. Finally, the data at √sNN = 200 GeV and 2.76 TeV, for sufficiently high particle densities, have a common scaling of Sloss with dNch/d[eta] and [epsilon]Bj[tau]0, lending insight into the physics of parton energy loss.
Onset of Radial Flow in [math][mrow][mi]p[/mi][mo]+[/mo][mi]p[/mi][/mrow][/math] Collisions
It has been debated for decades whether hadrons emerging from p+p collisions exhibit collective expansion. The signal of the collective motion in p+p collisions is not as clear as in heavy-ion collisions because of the low multiplicity and large fluctuation in p+p collisions. Tsallis Blast-Wave (TBW) model is a thermodynamic approach, introduced to handle the overwhelming correlation and fluctuation in the hadronic processes. We have systematically studied the identified particle spectra in p+p collisions from RHIC to LHC using TBW and found no appreciable radial flow in p+p collisions below √s = 900 GeV. At LHC higher energy of 7 TeV in p+p collisions, the radial flow velocity achieves an average of ([beta]) = 0.320 ± 0.005. This flow velocity is comparable to that in peripheral (40-60%) Au+Au collisions at RHIC. In addition, breaking of the identified particle spectra mT scaling was also observed at LHC from a model independent test.
Transverse Momentum Distributions of Hadrons
The study of hadron production in heavy ion collisions is essential to the search for effects beyond independent nucleon-nucleon collisions, for example the predicted phase transition to quark matter. Hadron distributions are known over a large range of transverse momenta for p-p collisions, so a careful study of the differences can be made. The transverse momentum distributions of hadrons may provide global information about p-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions, such as the degree of thermalization achieved, and perhaps provide evidence for collective expansion of the highly excited central region. Comparison of the p{sub t} and transverse mass, m{sub t}, distributions of different hadronic species are crucial to extract this kind of information. Hadronic p{sub t} spectra show effects of the collision dynamics, such as hard scattering processes, and possibly rescattering of partons as well as of the formed hadrons. Such modifications have been observed in p-nucleus collisions, and can be expected to be important in nucleus-nucleus reactions. The spectral shape changes arising in this manner cause a background in efforts to extract global information from hadronic p{sub t} spectra. Lastly, there is an excess of pions observed at low p{sub t} in p-A and A-A collisions. the origin of these soft pions is not yet well understood. The phenomenon represents a major difference between p-p and nuclear collisions. 31 refs., 8 figs.