Sari Number

Implementing the integrated sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses of epidemic and pandemic potential by the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System

Integrated surveillance in the context of the GISRS refers to expanding GISRS functions to include non-influenza respiratory viruses with epidemic or pandemic potential in order to inform public health interventions. Integrated surveillance encompasses the whole process, from the systematic screening of individuals, collection of respiratory specimens, testing, sequencing, data and information sharing and analysis. This document provides guidance on the surveillance standards and operational approaches, as well as practical considerations for the integration of SARS-CoV-2 and RSV surveillance based on standards developed for influenza, essential for an expanded GISRS that aims to strengthen national sentinel surveillance capacities for respiratory viruses as part of the mosaic of surveillance systems in a country, and in line with the overall global architecture of health emergency preparedness, response and resilience for strong national integrated disease, threat and vulnerability surveillance. This updated guidance stands in as the new guidance and standards for integrated surveillance, superseding these prior guidance documents: the End-to-end integration of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza sentinel surveillance: revised interim guidance, the Global epidemiological surveillance standards for influenza, and the WHO strategy for global Respiratory Syncytial Virus Surveillance project based on the influenza platform.

Emerging Infectious Diseases

The True Meaning of Cleavage

When Jess and Sari, best friends since seventh grade, begin their freshman year of high school and Sari becomes obsessed with a senior boy, Jess wonders if their friendship will survive.