Opc Unified Architecture 2009th Edition
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OPC Unified Architecture
Author: Wolfgang Mahnke
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2009-04-05
Motivation for This Book The OPC Foundation provides specifications for data exchange in industrial au- mation. There is a long history of COM/DCOM-based specifications, most pro- nent OPC Data Access (DA), OPC Alarms and Events (A&E), and OPC Historical Data Access (HDA), which are widely accepted in the industry and implemented by almost every system targeting industrial automation. Now the OPC Foundation has released a new generation of OPC specifications called OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). With OPC UA, the OPC Foundation fulfills a technology shift from the retiring COM/DCOM technology to a servi- oriented architecture providing data in a platform-independent manner via Web Services or its own optimized TCP-based protocol. OPC UA unifies the previous specifications into one single address space capable of dealing with current data, alarms and events and the history of current data as well as the event history. A remarkable enhancement of OPC UA is the Address Space Model by which v- dors can expose a rich and extensible information model using object-oriented techniques. OPC UA scales well from intelligent devices, controllers, DCS, and SCADA systems up to MES and ERP systems. It also scales well in its ability to provide information; on the lower end, a model similar to Classic OPC can be used, providing only base information, while at the upper end, highly sophisticated models can be described, providing a large amount of metadata including complex type hierarchies.
Standardization in Smart Grids
Author: Mathias Uslar
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-12-14
The first successful finished Smart Grid Prototype Projects deliver new requirements and best practices to meet them. These solutions will be the base for the upcoming norms and standards in the near future. This domain is not only part of one Standard developing Organization (SDO), but also of many different organizations like ITU, ISO, IEC and additionally for the electro mobility part the SAE. This results in many standards which are based on different aspects. Furthermore the European mirror organizations (ETSI,CEN, CENELEC) as well as the German mirror groups of these groups are involved, which are delivering further rules and adaption for the local market. Because of this diversity of organizations involved, it is difficult for the local companies (which includes energy utility, manufacturer and software producer specialized on integration) to identify the relevant trends, standardization groups and technologies necessary. With the EU Mandate M490 to CEN/CNELEC and TESI and the Commission being a driving force (e.g. ftp://ftp.cencenelec.eu/CENELEC/Smartgrid/SmartGridFinalReport.pdf and http://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/smartgrids.html) standardization becomes more and more important – but it’s complex and not easy to be understood. Here at OFFIS, we provide training but we are always asked for textbooks on our tranings. Based on our modules for the SG tranings, we would estimate the following chapters to be relevant to SG stakeholders in standardization (roughly 16-20 pages per chapter).
Semantic Service Integration for Smart Grids
The scope of the research presented includes semantic-based integration of data services in smart grids achieved through following the proposed (S2)In-approach developed corresponding to design science guidelines. This approach identifies standards and specifications, which are integrated in order to build the basis for the (S2)In-architecture. A process model is introduced in the beginning, which serves as framework for developing the target architecture. The first step of the process stipulates to define requirements for smart grid ICT-architectures being derived from established studies and divided into two classes: architecture and non-functional requirements (NFR). Based on the architecture requirements, the following specifications have been basically selected: The IEC CIM representing a domain-specific data model, the OPC UA being a communication standard with special respects to information modeling, and WSMO as an approach to realize the concept of Semantic Web Services. The next step specifies to develop both, a semantic information model (integration of CIM and OPC UA) and semantic services (integration of CIM and WSMO). These two components are then combined to obtain the target architecture, which allows precise descriptions of services as well as their combination and semi-automatic execution. Finally, the NFR are considered in order to evaluate the architecture based on simulated, representative use cases.