Metrology and Instrumentation

Concept of measurement - terminologies in measurement – precision – accuracy - sensitivity – calibration - errors in measurement - ABBE’s principle - line standard - end standards - wavelength standard - linear measurement – slip gauges - dial indicators - height gauges and vernier callipers – comparators - angular measurement - bevel protractor - sine bar - sprit level - angle dekkor - clinometers - limits and limit gauges - systems of limits and fits - standard systems of limits and fits - shaft and hole system – tolerance - allowance and deviation - limit gauges – go and no go gauges - taylor’s principle of gauging - wear allowance - monochromatic light – NPL flatness interferometer - NPL gauge interferometer - screw thread measurement - screw thread terminology - measurement of pitch – microscope - roughness and waviness - methods of measuring surface roughness - tomlinson surface meter - interference method for measuring surface roughness using optical flat and interferometers – autocollimator - machine tool metrology – milling machine -drilling machine - coordinate measuring machine (CMM) – introduction to CMM - components and construction of CMM - machine vision – introduction to machine vision - introduction to mechanical measurement - mechanical measurement-1.2; Fundamental methods of measurement - stages in generalized measuring system –sensor –transducer – stage – signal –conditioning - active and passive transducers – accuracy – precision - repeatability - sensitivity – reproducibility - drift - resolution – threshold - hysteresis - static calibration - dynamic characteristics - dynamic error – transducers – working - classification of transducers – LVDT - strain and stress measurement – electrical resistance strain gauge – measurement of force and torque - strain-gauge - hydraulic and pneumatic load cells – piezoelectric quartz crystal - torque measurement – dynamometers – mechanical -hydraulic and electrical – vibrometers and accelerometers – temperature measurement – use of thermal expansion – liquid-in-glass thermometers – thermocouples – thermocouple materials and construction - measurement of thermocouple emf - resistance temperature detectors (RTD) - pyrometers.