It is now more than fifty years since the first paper on formal specifications of an information system was published by Young and Kent. Even if the term conceptual model was not used at that time, the basic intention of the abstract specification was to a large extent the same as for developing conceptual models today: to arrive at a precise, abstract, and hardware-dependent model of the informational and time characteristics of a data processing problem. The abstract notation should enable the analyst to organize the problem around any piece of hardware. In other words, the pose of an abstract specification was for it to be used as an invariant basis for designing different alternative implementations, perhaps even using different hardware components.
Research and practice of abstract modeling of information systems has since the late fifties progressed through many milestones and achievements. In the sixties, pioneering work was carried out by the CODASYL Development committee who in 1962 presented the Information Algebra . At about the same time Borje Langefors published his elementary message and e-file approach to specification of information systems. The next decade, the seventies, was characterized by the introduction of a large number of new types of, as they were called, data models. For instance, we saw the birth of Binary Data Models, Entity Relationship Models, Relational Data Models, Semantic Data Models, and Temporal Deductive Models.
Conceptual Modeling of Information Systems
